Title 13, California Code Regulations, Section 1968.2
Malfunction and Diagnostic System Requirements for 2004 and Subsequent Model-Year Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles and Engines(OBD II). OAL-Approved Final Regulation Order for OBD II and Emission Warranty Regulations: approved on November 9, 2007.
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(7.2) Malfunction Criteria:
(7.2.1) Primary Sensors:
- (A) The OBD II system shall detect a malfunction prior to any failure or deterioration of the oxygen sensor voltage, response rate, amplitude, or other characteristic(s) (including drift or bias corrected for by secondary sensors) that would cause a vehicle’s emissions to exceed 1.5 times any of the applicable FTP standards. For response rate (see section ©), the OBD II system shall detect asymmetric malfunctions (i.e., malfunctions that primarily affect only the lean-to-rich response rate or only the rich-to-lean response rate) and symmetric malfunctions (i.e., malfunctions that affect both the lean-to-rich and rich-to-lean response rates). As defined in section ©, response rate includes delays in the sensor to initially react to a change in exhaust gas composition as well as delays during the transition from a rich-to-lean (or lean-to-rich) sensor output. For 25 percent of 2010, 50 percent of 2011, and 100 percent of 2012 and subsequent model year vehicles, the manufacturer shall submit data and/or engineering analysis to demonstrate that the calibration method used ensures proper detection of all symmetric and asymmetric response rate malfunctions as part of the certification application.
- (B) The OBD II system shall detect malfunctions of the oxygen sensor caused by either a lack of circuit continuity or out- of- range values.
- © The OBD II system shall detect a malfunction of the oxygen sensor when a sensor failure or deterioration causes the fuel system to stop using that sensor as a feedback input (e.g., causes default or open loop operation) or causes the fuel system to fail to enter closed-loop operation within a manufacturer-specified time interval.
- (D) The OBD II system shall detect a malfunction of the oxygen sensor when the sensor output voltage, amplitude, activity, or other characteristics are no longer sufficient for use as an OBD II system monitoring device (e.g., for catalyst monitoring).
(7.2.2) Secondary Sensors:
- (A) The OBD II system shall detect a malfunction prior to any failure or deterioration of the oxygen sensor voltage, response rate, amplitude, or other characteristic(s) that would cause a vehicle’s emissions to exceed 1.5 times any of the applicable FTP standards.
- (B) The OBD II system shall detect malfunctions of the oxygen sensor caused by a lack of circuit continuity.
- © Sufficient sensor performance for other monitors.
- (i) The OBD II system shall detect a malfunction of the oxygen sensor when the sensor output voltage, amplitude, activity, or other characteristics are no longer sufficient for use as an OBD II system monitoring device (e.g., for catalyst monitoring). For this requirement, “sufficient” is defined as the capability of the worst performing acceptable sensor to detect the best performing unacceptable other monitored system or component (e.g., catalyst).
- (ii) For systems where it is not technically feasible to satisfy the criteria of section (e)(7.2.2)©(i) completely, the OBD II system shall, at a minimum, detect a slow rich-to-lean response malfunction during a fuel shut-off event (e.g., deceleration fuel cut event). The rich-to-lean response check shall monitor both the sensor response time from a rich condition (e.g., 0.7 Volts) prior to the start of fuel shut-off to a lean condition (e.g., 0.1 Volts) expected during fuel shut-off conditions and the sensor transition time in the intermediate sensor range (e.g., from 0.55 Volts to 0.3 Volts). Monitoring of the rich-to-lean response shall be phased in on at least 25 percent of the 2009, 50 percent of the 2010, and 100 percent of the 2011 model year vehicles. For purposes of this phase-in, vehicles meeting the criteria of section (e)(7.2.2)©(i) shall be counted as vehicles meeting the rich-to-lean response rate monitoring requirement of section (e)(7.2.2)©(ii).
- (iii) Additionally, for systems where it is not technically feasible to satisfy the criteria in section (e)(7.2.2)©(i), prior to certification of 2009 model year vehicles, the manufacturer must submit a comprehensive plan to the Executive Officer demonstrating the manufacturer’s efforts to minimize any gap remaining between the worst performing acceptable sensor and a sufficient sensor. The plan should include quantification of the gap and supporting documentation for efforts to close the gap including sensor monitoring improvements, other system component monitor improvements (e.g., changes to make the catalyst monitor less sensitive to oxygen sensor response), and sensor specification changes, if any. The Executive Officer shall approve the plan upon determining the submitted information supports the necessity of the gap and the plan demonstrates that the manufacturer is taking reasonable efforts to minimize or eliminate the gap in a timely manner.
- (D) The OBD II system shall detect malfunctions of the oxygen sensor caused by out-of-range values.
(7.2.3) Sensor Heaters:
- (A) The OBD II system shall detect a malfunction of the heater performance when the current or voltage drop in the heater circuit is no longer within the manufacturer’s specified limits for normal operation (i.e., within the criteria required to be met by the component vendor for heater circuit performance at high mileage). Subject to Executive Officer approval, other malfunction criteria for heater performance malfunctions may be used upon the Executive Officer determining that the manufacturer has submitted data and/or an engineering evaluation that demonstrate the monitoring reliability and timeliness to be equivalent to the stated criteria in section (e)(7.2.3)(A).
- (B) The OBD II system shall detect malfunctions of the heater circuit including open or short circuits that conflict with the commanded state of the heater (e.g., shorted to 12 Volts when commanded to 0 Volts (ground), etc.).
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